Abstracts

1 Universal IR Theories

Yan Xuetong

7 Globalization, Social Change, and Chinese Diplomacy

Pang Zhongying

In this paper, instead of merely answering questions, the author puts before us a new issue. He argues that social change is of great importance to study diplomacy. Globalization has always been accompanied by complicated social changes. Over the past two decades, the Chinese economy and society have undergone a process of globalization. Globalization has changed state-society and market-society relations, but it has never alleviated the role of the state in making foreign policies and dealing with foreign affairs. The author holds that the theme of Chinese diplomacy should be to meet the global challenges, including the social changes. Finally, the author elaborates on his views of how China can formulate systematic propositions on global governance, how to protect Chinese society against globalization, and what adjustments can be made to China’s international moral diplomacy.

14 Seeking China’s New Identity: The Myth of Chinese Nationalism

Wang Yiwei

Nationalism has been used in clichéd and hegemonic discourses of the West to describe China’s national feeling. In this paper, the author first analyzes the epistemological, political, and globalization origins of the myth of Chinese nationalism, which are embodied in political nationalism, ethnic nationalism, and cultural nationalism. He argues that to shape a new Chinese national identity through modifying the so-called “new nationalism” is merely to continue the myth of Chinese nationalism in the new era. The author then puts forward a new analysis of the frameworks of “of the nation, by the nation, for the nation” and “nationalization stage — modernization stage — internationalization stage”. He points out that the future Chinese national identity should include three aspects: an open and inclusive national spirit, a harmonious national character, and a moderate sense of national pride. As the largest developing country in the world and a rising world power, China has to achieve modernization and internationalization at the same time and to unite the motherland, accomplishing the whole task at one stroke and binding together the trinity of historical traditions, international trends, and world identity. In the course of building a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity, China is seeking her new identity as a responsible country. Finally, the author concludes that China’s peaceful development is shaping China’s new identity and will necessarily destroy all kinds of myths about Chinese nationalism.

22 On the Internet Nationalism of Contemporary China

Wang Jun

Internet nationalism is a new social and political phenomenon accompanied by the rise of the Internet that has aroused great concern. The author analyzes the causes of Chinese Internet nationalism, the composition of the actors, as well as their consciousness and linguistic behavior. Finally, from the perspective of political participation and civil society, the author considers the implications for the government and Chinese diplomacy.

30 The APEC Cooperative Model and Its Evolution from the Perspective of the Historic Crossfire

Li Kexin

The crossfire on the APEC cooperative model at the Subic, Bogor, and Kuala Lumpur summits signaled the need for reform of the APEC process. At present, the dilemmas in basic concepts, the model as well as the pressures from the WTO and the FTA, further demand an adjustment to the APEC cooperative model. Now some new models like the Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific, Pathfinder FTAAP, and the Single Market Agenda are being discussed. Despite the challenges they face, for example, the lack of political will and insufficient participation, the evolution of the APEC cooperative model seems inevitable. The author concludes that such an evolution will be of great practical importance to the enhancement of the relevance of APEC, the coordination of sub regional and bilateral FTAs, and the development of bilateral relations among the major powers in the Asia-Pacific region.

36 Peaceful Rise Is China’s Strategic Choice

Liu Jianfei

In this paper, the author first demonstrates the rationality and practical implications of “peaceful rise”. Then, from three perspectives, namely, Chinese wishes, China’s strategic interests, and the constraints of globalization, the author argues that peaceful rise should become China’s strategic choice. He believes that peaceful rise is possible for China since globalization has provided us with great opportunities. Finally, the author concludes that instead of harming China’s peaceful rise will benefit the world, by illustrating the foreign policy adjustments that China should make to comply with this strategy.

41 Analysis of the “Embedded Liberalism” of John Ruggie

Song Wei

Starting from the international regime concept of John Ruggie, who parallels the importance of power and social will, the author provides an in-depth analysis of “embedded liberalism”. The author argues that it is essentially a compromise of market interests and social values, and it aims to embed the liberal regime into legitimate social purposes. By making a compromise among various social groups, including those who benefit or lose from the liberalization process, the negative impacts of liberalization and globalization could be shared. To achieve this goal, the government and society should reach an implicit deal or agreement that the public support the liberalized international regime and international economic policy, while the government compensates those groups that have suffered by providing fiscal and social welfare policies. The author concludes that the current global compact is an attempt to promote the embedded liberalism worldwide.

48 On the Status and Role of International Institutions in International Relations——A Comparison with Power Politics

Yang Guanghai

With reference to the basic assumptions of realism and neo-liberalism, the author analyzes the status and role of international institutions in international politics from the perspective of their relation with power politics. The author argues that, compared with power politics, international institutions are only a secondary factor whose functions are contingent upon the structure of the distribution of political power. Nevertheless, with a legitimate, mutually beneficial, and adaptable nature, international institutions have a certain degree of self-enforcing capability. Thus, they can still exert considerable leverage on power politics. The author concludes that as the international environment becomes favorable for the development of international institutions, the role of leverage will be even more prominent.

54 A Philosophical Analysis of Terrorism

Zhang Jiadong

In this paper, the author points out that the definition of terrorism is a theoretical basis for understanding the issue of terrorism, dealing with international anti-terrorist cooperation, and formulating relevant domestic policies. However, terrorism nowadays is mostly defined out of political needs but not out of academic motives. In addition, either from functionalism or from the essence of terrorism, the current way of defining terrorism has met with serious logical problems. The author argues that it is impossible to give a universal definition to terrorism either practically or theoretically. Instead, a pluralized way of defining terrorism complies with the pluralized characteristics of the real world. Therefore, it is both academic and objective.

60 The Zigzag Development of Japan-China Relations: A Macro-Historical Perspective

［Japan］Kagami Mitsuyuki

In recent years, the Sino-Japanese relationship has been deteriorating, and there have even been hostile emotions among some groups in both countries. From the side of Japan, the public voices criticizing the government for its mistaken policies have become lower, thus allowing the government to easily make arbitrary decisions and adopt tough, sometimes even dangerous, foreign policies. However, the deeper reasons lie in the crisis of faith that has occurred among some Japanese intellectuals within the past three decades, the after-effect of the “Confession of all the People” unconsciously existing among the Japanese public, as well as the changing international political patterns after the Cold War. The author concludes that both economic cooperation and cultural exchanges are needed to develop a stable bilateral relationship. The extensive civilian exchanges could enhance the mutual understandings of the Japanese and Chinese people and restore their friendly relationship. This will also be conducive to restraining the arbitrary tendencies of the Japanese government in making foreign policy.

65 Ye Zicheng: An Explorer of Chinese Traditional and Realistic Diplomatic Thought

Ye Zicheng, Lu Xin

71 WTO Negotiations on Fishery Subsidies: Proposals and Reviews

Mu Yongtong, Yang Lin, Zhang Yilong

Fishery subsidies have long been an important measure for world fishery countries to promote the development of their domestic fisheries. However, as more and more fishery resources become depleted, the role of fishery subsidies has been widely questioned. As one of the negotiating issues in the Doha round of negotiations of the WTO, the Negotiating Group on Rules (NGR) launched a series of debates, attempting to formulate disciplines with binding force on all members in order to reduce and even eliminate fishery subsidies that might result in over-fishing and trade distortions. The author summarizes and reviews the main propositions in the WTO fishery subsidy negotiations and advances relevant policy suggestions for the Chinese government.

77 On the Harmony and Tolerance of Learning and Politics

Zhang Wenmu

80 New Ideas, New Expectations

The Editorial Department

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